The toxins are absorbed in to the animals’ blood stream which makes the animal acutely sick and causes rapid death. As they grow, the bacteria produce toxin which destroy surrounding tissues. In the absence of oxygen, the spores germinate and multiply. The injury reduces load flow to the area, thereby reducing the supply of oxygen to tissues. The spores then eater the bloodstream and lodge in various organs and issues, including muscles. īacterial spores are eaten in contaminated feed or soil. The disease is not transmitting directly from sick animal to healthy animals by contact. Cattle that are on a high plane of nutrition, rapidly gaining weight and between 6 months and 2 years of age are most susceptible to the disease. The bacteria enter to the host by ingestion and then gains entrance to the body through small punctures in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. The spores of the organisms can live in the soil for many years. īlackleg is caused by the spore forming, rod shaped, gas producing bacteria Clostridum chauvoei. The primary site of infection of blackleg was myocardium. Tal muscles but occasionally the heart or diaphragm is affected. chauvoei), an anaerobic spore forming bacterium. The disease is caused by Clostridium chauvoei (C. It is an endogenous acute infection that principally affects cattle. It commonly kills unvaccinated cattle between 3 months and two years of age especially in higher rainfall areas such as the coast of north southwest. The disease is an acute myositis caused by the activation of latent intramuscular Clostridium chauvoei spores. Young cattle between the ages of 6 months and 2 years are also susceptible. Blackleg also called quarter ill or black quarter is an acute specific infectious disease of cattle, sometimes of sheep and pigs characterized by the presence of rapidly increasing swellings containing gas, and occurring in the region of the shoulder, neck, thigh, quarter, and sometimes in the diaphragm.
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Īnimal diseases such as blackleg which is also called quarter ill or black quarter cause the major limitation to the livestock agriculture of the country and affect livelihood through their effect on animal health and impact on the production. Nevertheless, the development of livestock sector in Ethiopia is hindered by widespread endemic health problems including bacterial diseases, viral diseases, and parasitic infestation. Ethiopian livestock population is estimated to be 59.49 million cattle, 30.697 million sheep, 30.200 million goats, 8 million donkey, 2.16 million horse, 1.20 million camels, 0.4 million mules and 59.495 million poultry. Keywords: Blackleg Cattle Clostridium chauvoei Soil VaccinationĮthiopia is one of the countries with the largest number of livestock in Africa and livestock production plays a major role in the development of Ethiopia’s agriculture. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to summarizes the latest review of literature that significantly contributed for understanding the disease in cattle and provides a foundation to preventive strategies. However, the pathogenesis of blackleg in cattle and, circulation of the pathogen from point of entry to target tissues is yet not fully elucidated. chauvoei have been discovered and described.
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In recent years, the major virulence factors of C. Control of this disease is based on stringent husbandry measures and scheduled vaccination plan. It is prevented by vaccination when out breaks occur in early stage of the disease it is treated by antibiotic mostly penicillin is effective treatment to the disease. Blackleg has been found in cattle as young as two-month-old, most loss occur in cattle, the best conditioned animals, where there is an abundance of feed.
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Blackleg can occur at any time of the year more loss of cattle is seen during warm months of the year. The disease is widely distributed in the world. This followed by generalized toxemia or poisoning of the animal causing rapid death. The disease is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, an anaerobic spore forming bacterium seen as an acute, localized inflammation of muscle tissue due to growth of the blackleg organisms. Blackleg is generally fatal bacterial diseases of young cattle or sheep of any age. Blackleg is an endogenous acute infection that principally affects cattle.